A British-led scientific expedition has returned from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with evidence of over 500 previously unknown species, including bioluminescent organisms that thrive in extreme pressure and darkness.

The expedition, using advanced autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), mapped previously unexplored hydrothermal vents that support unique ecosystems. The discovery highlights the vast biological diversity of the deep ocean and the potential for new biochemical discoveries.

"We have only scratched the surface of what lies at the bottom of our oceans," said the mission's lead scientist. "These ecosystems are as complex as tropical rainforests, yet we know almost nothing about them."

The findings have intensified calls for a moratorium on deep-sea mining in the region until the environmental impact can be fully assessed. The data collected will be shared with the International Seabed Authority to inform future conservation strategies.